Lathe



April 6 1954 o. VON ZELEWSKY 2,874,145

LATHE Filed May 28, 1948 3 Sheecs-Sheet 1 INVENTOKZ Ottoma.r Von Z/eusg ATT'OIKNE55 April 6, 1954 o. VON ZELEWSKY 2,674,145

LATHE Filed May 28, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 i l 8 i ig.4 mvemora:

ATTO YLN E255 April 6, 1954 o. VON ZELEWSKY LATHE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed May 28, 1948 BY 6 ATTORNEY:

Patented Apr. 6, 1954 UN l T ED S 'LATHE ttonriar.von Zelwsky, Neuhausgnamllhe inf1l, Swi'tziaxlaxid', asi;nlor 120 GorgFi5qher Aki i ghge sallSihalff, Solfihausen, Switzoriand Application May 28, 1948,SeriatNo. 29,680 1 omm. (01. s2-'--'2s) 1 {Ihi' inv?ntio n rolates ;o lathes and an object of 1jhe presen'o invontion i s the provision of a 1af he h ea dstock mounting in a 1a'the with a be d f cjrmgd as a 11 o110w l oody, jswo s1ideways with vertiQal fa ces, one supe rimposed over the ojzher, beir i g arranged on said bed. The upper way ser ves ag-a slide way for the tail.sto ck, the 1o wer a s a s l i g1oWay f or t he saol gl le. [The tailstock and. the @d,dl =an m v rizo ta a1ong -h ;entire 1e ng th o f th e bed, on thair slideways independentlypac hof the oth e r. On 1;he saddle is mountec' l an uppe r slide obliquely approachable at an agn t e angle 1qo the axis of the sp-indle. This upp e r S1 id eoarries a .turning too1 movable in a vertyi (:a1 piano. The upper slide is, for examplo, hydranlically controlled by a feeler 01 traoe r yvhich slides a)1ong a template o1 along a pattern. It is ki1own practice with such lathog t o mount the headstock ab the front of the bed instead of holtingit.on top of the bed. Changes in atmospheric temperaturos and =heating due to friction of moving parts ofthe tr'ansrni5sion anti of the electrio rnotor pause expansions and snbsgquent oonoractions in the parts mainly aronnd the heads tock. In k nown constructions of 1at hes this causoS a c hang in qhga position of the of theheadstook gpindle with respeot to the bed and. ii qh o too 1 w11ich in turn lea ds to diff rences in ghe tu1n'ing diameters, so that the -t'urioing accuracy changes with the temperature fluctuations in the 1athe. Another object of the present invention is to eliminate this drawback, and the 1athe in accordance with the present invention difiers from known types in that the headstock is rigidly connected to Ehe vertical face of the bed only at points being in a horizontal plane 1eading through the axis of the headstock spindle only, but can expand under temperature fluctuations in the remaining directions.

Th drawings illustrate an embodiment of the invention, the figures representing:

Fig. 1 an elevation,

Fig. 2 a view in plan,

Fig. 3 a section along the 1ine IIIIII of Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 a section along the 1ine IV--IV of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section along the line VV of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is similar to Fig. 3 and shows the various parts in greater detail.

Fig. 7 shows on a larger scale the support; :for the holt I1.

Figs. 1 to 4 show the main components of the lathe; l is the headstock, 2 the bed and 26 an upper slideway to Which the tailstock 3 with the tail sp i ndle 4 can be clamped. The saddle 5 with thlth Sbindl 2T th headstock I is connected to the vertical face 23 of the bed 2 by means 0:E dowel pins 22. Both the screws I'l and the screws I8 permit of slight displacements due to temperature fluctua.tions of the headstock I in respect -of the bed 2 ab the points of securement I1 and I8. Should the 1athe be capable of producing workpieces of a precise cylindrical circumferenc in a 001d state and also after the parts of the machine have been heated, then the distance A must remain constant, said distance |being that of the edge F (.Fig. 1) of the pattern 10 from the spindle ax1e 2l. Thus, the distance of the pattern 28 from the axle 21 must remain constant (Fig. 4). This requirement must be met since the tool I engages the workpiece'9 from the bottom. From a practical point of view, the part 2 Will not be heated to any appreciable extent, since it does not contain any parts which are heated so that the distances A and C remain substantially unchanged. I1; should be noted in this connection that the heating of the parb 2 throuh the mntacting surfaces 23 of the head- Stock l will heat only the portions close to the surfaces 23, laut not the lower part; of the bed 2.

so that no substantial changes in length will take plane in bed 2 and the distanc C of the pins 22 upon the axle B from the base will not change to any noticeable extent. On the other band, the heaclstock l will be heated as the result of friction in the bearings and gears, so that it will expand. The pins 22 hold the headstock I in the horizontal plane B so that the axle 21 will not chang its position in relation to the edge F. Therefore, the distance A remains substantially constant. The expansions in the headstock caused by the heat will be transmitted in the direction of the arrows D, E, G.

As shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, it is apparent that due to the provision of the bolts I'l and I8, in the evenb of a nun-uniform heating of the headstock and bed 2 the headstock l can slide upon the vertical surface of the bed 2 thereby varying the width of the air gap 25.

It is apparent that when the headstock l is expanded in th direction of the arrow G the distance H will also be varied. Fig. 4 shows, however, that the tool 7 engages the workpiece 9 from' below so that any changes in the distance H have only a very small eflect upon the precision of the work, particularly since the saddle and the upper slide 6 are also heated. 'Ihis was proven by actual experiments.

The space 24 between the dowel pins 22 and the screws 18 can, in accordance with Fig 3, be

of such size that it can allow a certain quantity of air to circulate. Fig. 3 shows the bracing I5 of the bed 2 against the foot or standard M projecting below the headstock l. This bracing is necessary because an air gap 25 is provided between the headstock I and base I4. When the headstock expands under the infiuence of heat, the air gap 25 alters. to the same extent as the headstock l, the height of the spindle 2I over the base I4 and the pattern holder I2 connected to the latter remains practically unalterecl.

The Special method of mounting the headstock in accordance with the present invention enhances the machining accura zy of a lathe by rendering same largely independent of heat expansion in the headstock I. As the lathe tool I machines the workpiece 9 from below, heat expansion in a horizontal direction, i. e. between the dowel pin 22 and the lathe spindle 21, exer-- As the bed 2 is not heated cises very little influence 0n the turning diameter. Alterations in the headstock l in a vertical direction are transmitted, when the headstock is secured in accordance with the present; invention, neither to the bed nur to the base M, so that the turning accuracy remains practically uninfluenced by heat expansions in the headstock l.

Heat insulation between the hea;dstock l and the bed 2 can be enhanced by inserting intermediate packing of insulating materials ab the points of contact of the headstock l with the bed 2, i. e. at the vertical face 23. The dowel pins 22 can, by way of example, be replaced by keys which fit accurately into keyways in the headstock l and the bed 2.

I claim:

In a machine tool, a headsbock, a bed and a spindle carried by said headstock, said headstock and said bed having adjoining substantially parallel laues; a tool mountecl on said bed for feed movement in a plane parallel 150 said faces, means connecting said faces prevent movement between said faces and connecting means in the plane of said faces, said oonnecting means lying in the plane which contains the axis of said spindle and is perpenclicular to the plane of said tool movement, and other means ccnnecting said faces located on opposite sides of said first-mentioned connecting means anal spaced therefrom along the direction of too1 movement and interconnecting said faces with play whereby movement is prevented at the zone cf said first counecting means and limited relative movement 013 said laues may occur beyond said zone as a result of thermal changes or the like, said faces having spaced portions enclosing a temperatureregulating space.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 310,260 Dodds Jan. 6, 1885 972,297 Tyberg Oct. 11, 1910 1512631 Muller Ost. 21, 1924 2,080,207 Hoppe May 11, 1937 2 ,376100 Turrettini May 15, 1945 2437,570 Von Zelewsky Mal. 9, 1948 

